{"id":6717,"date":"2020-02-26T13:28:03","date_gmt":"2020-02-26T18:28:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.goodwin.edu\/enews\/?p=6717"},"modified":"2024-12-17T17:11:22","modified_gmt":"2024-12-17T22:11:22","slug":"faculty-article-blockchain-in-simple-terms","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.goodwin.edu\/enews\/faculty-article-blockchain-in-simple-terms\/","title":{"rendered":"Blockchain in Simple Terms"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Blockchain in Simple Terms<br \/>\n<\/strong>by Mike Saxton, PhD<\/p>\n<p>I have been amazed that, despite media coverage over the last few years, understanding the concept of blockchain technology still eludes many. While most people have heard of Bitcoin, a cryptocurrency that utilizes the technology and first propelled knowledge of it into the mainstream, there is far more to this subject. Since 2008, when it was first introduced, there has been rapidly increasing interest in the business case for blockchain. But what <em>is<\/em> blockchain?<\/p>\n<p>Blockchain is a <em>distributed<\/em>, <em>peer-to-peer<\/em>, <em>trustless<\/em> ledger system, basically a database of transactions. Let\u2019s examine the components so that we can come back and understand the whole.<\/p>\n<p><em>Distributed<\/em> means that copies of the database are on numerous computers throughout the world \u2014 thousands, in the case of Bitcoin. It\u2019s important to keep in mind that, unlike traditional databases like banking records, cloud drive, etc. that are stored in a centralized data center, blockchain copies are scattered. There is no centralized location. Using Bitcoin as an example again, there is no \u201cBitcoin server.\u201d<\/p>\n<p><em>Peer-to-peer<\/em> (P2P) may be a concept you are familiar with, especially if you\u2019ve used it for file sharing. This means that the computers, also referred to as \u201cnodes,\u201d with copies of the blockchain are all equals, and they communicate with each other. There is no centralized authority that controls them.<\/p>\n<p>You may also have heard the term <em>trustless<\/em>. When referring to blockchain-based systems, trust does not need to exist between two parties for a transaction to occur. An example of a <em>trusted<\/em> relationship would be writing a check for goods or services. The person who provided the item or service trusts that the check will go through and that the funds are available.<\/p>\n<p>If that same individual uses a debit or credit card, a third-party payment processor approves or denies the transaction, but it is no guarantee that the purchaser (or the bank that is ultimately in charge of the card) will not reverse the charges. That person may have used the same funds multiple times in a short period of time, a practice called \u201cdouble spending.\u201d Since transactions can take days to fully clear, the provider may discover that the customer did not have adequate funds to cover the price. In the case of a blockchain transaction, there is no need for trust. If a person pays with cryptocurrency, the network of nodes verifies that the funds are actually there. Within a short period of time, sometimes mere seconds, the funds are fully transferred, and the account, also known as a wallet, is updated. There is no third-party approval needed. No days-long waiting period. The funds are already moved.<\/p>\n<p>The last portion to consider is the ledger system. Remember that blockchains are a series of transactions. Groups of these transactions are clumped together in what\u2019s referred to as a block. Once the network of nodes agrees that the transactions in a given block are legitimate, they are added to the chain (that\u2019s how the term blockchain was born) and cannot be altered. It also means that double spending is out. Bouncing payments is out. Customers calling their credit card companies and reversing the charges simply because they regret the purchase is out (ah, buyer\u2019s remorse, all of you in retail know what I\u2019m talking about).<\/p>\n<p>Now that we have established what blockchain is, how is it used?<\/p>\n<p>The examples above used Bitcoin and were related to financial transactions. The technology is being applied to a wider variety of uses, and research is being conducted for even more. These include, but are not limited to, data certification, digital advertising, digital identity, voting, governance, energy management\/distribution, financial settlements (beyond just cryptocurrency), video games, internet of things (IoT, which is connecting almost any device to the internet), content distribution, resource distribution, prediction markets, and smart contracts (Salviotti, Maria De Rossi, &amp; Abbatemarco, 2018). Big-name companies and exchanges are getting involved with blockchain technology, including Wells Fargo, Bank of America, Capitol One, PNC, Chase, Nasdaq, New York Stock Exchange, and many others (Skinner, 2016).<\/p>\n<p>Blockchain is not only here to stay, it\u2019s growing at a rapid pace as well. The technology of the future is already here.<\/p>\n<p><strong>References<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Salviotti, G., Maria De Rossi, L., &amp; Abbatemarco, N. (2018).\u00a0<em>The Blockchain journey: A guide to practical business applications<\/em>. Via Salasco, Milano: Bocconi University Press.<\/p>\n<p>Skinner, C. (2016).\u00a0<em>Valueweb: How Fintech firms are using mobile and blockchain technologies to create the Internet of Value<\/em>. Singapore: Marshall Cavendish Business.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><u>Click here to learn more about Goodwin\u2019s Management and Leadership offerings.<\/u><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Blockchain in Simple Terms by Mike Saxton, PhD I have been amazed that, despite media coverage over the last few years, understanding the concept of blockchain technology still eludes many. While most people have heard of Bitcoin, a cryptocurrency that &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.goodwin.edu\/enews\/faculty-article-blockchain-in-simple-terms\/\" class=\"more-link\">Continue reading <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Blockchain in Simple Terms<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":14,"featured_media":6718,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_stopmodifiedupdate":false,"_modified_date":"","_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1079],"tags":[1123,268,424],"class_list":{"0":"post-6717","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","6":"hentry","7":"category-academics","8":"tag-faculty-article","9":"tag-featured","10":"tag-management-and-leadership","12":"fallback-thumbnail"},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v24.0 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>What is Blockchain? | Goodwin University<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Blockchain is a technology of the future, and its adoption is growing rapidly. Learn what blockchain is in simple terms, as defined by Dr. Mike Saxton.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.goodwin.edu\/enews\/faculty-article-blockchain-in-simple-terms\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"What is Blockchain? | Goodwin University\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Blockchain is a technology of the future, and its adoption is growing rapidly. Learn what blockchain is in simple terms, as defined by Dr. Mike Saxton.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.goodwin.edu\/enews\/faculty-article-blockchain-in-simple-terms\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Goodwin University\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/GoodwinUniversity\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2020-02-26T18:28:03+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-12-17T22:11:22+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.goodwin.edu\/enews\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/ENB_Bitcoin_2.26.20.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"904\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Michael Saxton\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@goodwinuniv\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@goodwinuniv\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Michael Saxton\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"4 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.goodwin.edu\/enews\/faculty-article-blockchain-in-simple-terms\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.goodwin.edu\/enews\/faculty-article-blockchain-in-simple-terms\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Michael Saxton\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.goodwin.edu\/enews\/#\/schema\/person\/1b0efe165003bc53ecc6bc2c82310bc1\"},\"headline\":\"Blockchain in Simple Terms\",\"datePublished\":\"2020-02-26T18:28:03+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-12-17T22:11:22+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.goodwin.edu\/enews\/faculty-article-blockchain-in-simple-terms\/\"},\"wordCount\":768,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.goodwin.edu\/enews\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.goodwin.edu\/enews\/faculty-article-blockchain-in-simple-terms\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.goodwin.edu\/enews\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/ENB_Bitcoin_2.26.20.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"Faculty Article\",\"Featured\",\"Management and Leadership\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Academics\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.goodwin.edu\/enews\/faculty-article-blockchain-in-simple-terms\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.goodwin.edu\/enews\/faculty-article-blockchain-in-simple-terms\/\",\"name\":\"What is Blockchain? | Goodwin University\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.goodwin.edu\/enews\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.goodwin.edu\/enews\/faculty-article-blockchain-in-simple-terms\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.goodwin.edu\/enews\/faculty-article-blockchain-in-simple-terms\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.goodwin.edu\/enews\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/ENB_Bitcoin_2.26.20.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2020-02-26T18:28:03+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-12-17T22:11:22+00:00\",\"description\":\"Blockchain is a technology of the future, and its adoption is growing rapidly. 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